Modelo 720 aur investment portfolios Spain mein tax residents ke liye kaafi confusion create kar sakte hain, especially jab portfolio Spain ke bahar kisi broker ya financial intermediary ke paas held ho. Modelo 720 ke purposes ke liye portfolio ek single asset nahi hota, balki usmein jitni securities hoti hain (shares, funds, bonds, ETFs) unhe individually analyse aur declare karna padta hai.
Modelo 720 kya hai aur kise file karna hota hai.
Modelo 720 videsh mein sthit sampattiyon aur adhikaaron ki ek soochnaatmak ghoshna (informative declaration) hai (yah koi kar nahin hai: isse koi bhugtaan nahin hota, yah keval jaankari deti hai). Spain mein kar nivaas rakhne wale vyaktiyon aur kaanooni sansthaon ko ise dakhil karna aavashyak hai.
Jaankari teen svatantra khandon (blocks) mein vyavasthit hoti hai, aur pratyek ki apni 50.000 € ki seema hai:
- Videsh mein sthit vittiya sansthaon mein rakhe gaye khaate.
- Videsh mein jama, prabandhit ya praapt ki gayi pratibhutiyaan, adhikaar, beema aur aay.
- Videsh mein sthit achal sampatti aur us par ke adhikaar.
Yah tathya ki seemaayein svatantra hain, mahatvapoorn hai: pratyek khand ka alag-alag vishleshan kiya jaata hai. Ho sakta hai ki aapko ek khand ghoshit karna pade aur doosra nahin.
Dakhil karne ki avadhi ghoshit kiye jaane wale varsh ke agle varsh ki 1 January se 31 March tak hoti hai. 31 December 2025 ko rakhi gayi sampattiyon ke liye yah avadhi 31 March 2026 ko samaapt ho gayi.
Portfolio ko single position ke roop mein declare nahi kiya jaata.
Graahak ka svaabhaavik sochne ka tareeka yah hota hai: “mere paas falaan broker ke paas 80.000 € ka ek nivesh khaata hai.” Modelo 720 is tarah kaam nahin karta.
Spanish kar agency (Agencia Tributaria) ka maandand spasht hai: jab koi vaishvik ya custody khaata (global or custody account) (vah khaata jiske maadhyam se madhyasth graahak ki vibhinn pratibhutiyon ko jama rakhta hai) vibhinn sampattiyon (share, fund ki ikaaiyaan, bond aadi) ko ek saath rakhta hai, to unmein se har ek ki alag-alag report karni hoti hai, kyonki har ek ek alag ghoshna-daayitva ka hissa ho sakti hai.
Vyavahaar mein, iska arth hai ki ghoshna mein har pratibhuti apni alag “pravishti” (record) banaati hai, jismein shaamil hain:
- pratibhuti ki pahchaan kunji (identification key) (share, saamoohik nivesh sanstha ki ikaaiyaan, sthir-aay pratibhuti aadi);
- pratibhuti aur sanstha ki pahchaan (saamaanya sandarbh ISIN code hota hai — International Securities Identification Number, vah antarraashtriya code jo har pratibhuti ki vishisht pahchaan karta hai);
- pratibhutiyon ki sankhya; aur
- 31 December ko moolyaankan.
Kuchh baatein dhyaan rakhne yogya hain:
- ETF (Exchange Traded Funds: stock exchange par soochibaddh fund jinhein share ki tarah khareeda-becha jaata hai) aur soochibaddh fund, bhale hi ve “fund jaise dikhte hon”, is prayojan ke liye pratibhutiyon ke roop mein maane jaate hain.
- Saamoohik nivesh sansthaon mein share ya ikaaiyaan (nivesh fund, SICAV aadi) ko 31 December ke unke shuddh sampatti moolya (net asset value, NAV) par ghoshit kiya jaata hai.
Isliye portfolio ko uske kul moolya ki ek hi pankti mein ghoshit karna sweekaarya nahin hai. Use vistaar se vibhaajit karna hoga.
Portfolio ki nakdi pratibhutiyon ke saath NAHIN jaati.
Galti ka ek aur saamaanya srot: broker khaate mein padi bina nivesh ki nakdi (uninvested cash) (vah nakad shesh jo punarniwesh ki prateeksha mein hai) ko pratibhutiyon ke khand mein nahin, balki khaaton ke khand mein ghoshit kiya jaata hai, yah Kar Mahaanideshaalay (Direccion General de Tributos) ke maandand ke anusaar hai. Yah shesh videsh mein aapke baaki khaaton mein joda jaata hai aur keval tabhi ghoshit hota hai jab samagra roop se khaaton ka khand 50.000 € se adhik ho.
Iska vyaavahaarik parinaam sahaj gyaan ke vipreet hai. Maan lijiye kisi graahak ke paas kisi videshi broker ke yahaan hai:
- pratibhutiyon mein 000 €, aur
- bina nivesh ki nakdi mein 000 €.
Bhale hi “khaata” kul milaakar 55.000 € ho, Modelo 720 dakhil karne ka koi daayitva nahin hai: pratibhutiyon ka khand (45.000 €) 50.000 € tak nahin pahunchta aur khaaton ka khand (10.000 €) bhi nahin. Pratyek khand ko alag-alag maapa jaata hai.
Nominee khaate aur vaastavik swami.
Kayi British platform aur broker pratibhutiyon ko nominee khaate (nominee account) ke tahat rakhte hain (aisa pratibhuti khaata jismein madhyasth aupchaarik dhaarak ke roop mein darj hota hai aur graahak ki or se pratibhutiyaan rakhta hai). Isse ghoshna ka daayitva samaapt nahin hota: dakhil karne ka daayitva vaastavik swami (beneficial owner) ka hota hai (vah vyakti jo aarthik roop se pratibhutiyon ka hakdaar hai), bhale hi ve aupchaarik roop se madhyasth ke naam par hon.
Modelo 720 aur investment portfolios ke case mein portfolio ka total value declare karna enough nahi hota. Har security ko individually analyse karna hota hai, aur uninvested cash alag reporting block mein ja sakti hai. Isi wajah se total account value clear hone ke baad bhi declaration mein errors ho sakte hain.
“Wrapper” utpaad (SIPP, ISA, investment bonds): dhoosar kshetra.
Wrapper utpaadon (wrapper products: aisi sanrachnaayein jo apne bheetar antarnihit pratibhutiyon ke ek portfolio ko “lapet” leti hain) par vishesh dhyaan dena chahiye, jo British mool ke nivaasiyon mein bahut aam hain:
- SIPP (Self-Invested Personal Pension: ek sva-prabandhit vyaktigat pension yojana, jismein sadasya svayam antarnihit pratibhutiyaan chunta hai).
- ISA (Individual Savings Account: United Kingdom mein kar-laabh waala bachat ya nivesh khaata).
- Investment bonds (nivesh ghatak waale jeevan beema utpaad).
Yahaan har paridrishya ko cover karne waali Kar Mahaanideshaalay ki koi sthaapit siddhaant-vyavastha maujood nahin hai, aur vargeekaran ,utpaad ko ekal adhikaar maanein ya antarnihit pratibhutiyon tak “dekh kar” (look through) chalein, ke liye har utpaad ki kaanooni prakriti aur swaamitva kiske paas hai, iska vyaktigat vishleshan aavashyak hai. Yah theek vahi prakaar ka prashna hai jahaan hum saamaanya dhaanche (templates) laagoo na karne ki salaah dete hain.
Dobara ghoshna kab karni hoti hai: portfolio mein pherbadal ka prashna.
Modelo 720 pehli baar dakhil ho jaane ke baad, aagaami varshon mein aap kisi khand ko keval tabhi dobara ghoshit karte hain jab nimna mein se koi ek sthiti bane:
- khand ka samagra moolya pichhli ghoshna ki tulna mein 20.000 € se adhik badh gaya ho; ya
- aapne pehle ghoshit ki gayi kisi sampatti mein dhaarak hone ki sthiti kho di ho (udaaharan ke liye, aapne koi pratibhuti poori tarah bech di ho ya koi khaata band kar diya ho).
Sakriya portfolio ke liye iska ek mahatvapoorn nihitaarth hai. Jab koi pratibhuti bechi jaati hai aur praapt raashi poori tarah anya ghoshna-yogya pratibhutiyon mein punarniweshit kar di jaati hai, to keval 31 December ke shesh ki report karna paryaapt hai. Parantu portfolio mein pherbadal (turnover) (kuchh pratibhutiyon ko doosron se badalna) aur, vishesh roop se, kisi ghoshit pratibhuti mein sthiti ka poorna samaapt hona dobara ghoshna ka daayitva utpann kar sakta hai ,bhale hi portfolio ka samagra moolya 20.000 € se adhik na badha ho. Baar-baar lenden waale portfolio mein, har varsh yah jaanchna uchit hai ki inmein se koi seema paar hui ya nahin.
Temple Cambria mein hum niyamit roop se British, German, Dutch aur anya raashtreeyataon ke nivaasiyon ko Modelo 720 taiyaar karne tatha nivesh portfolio, videshi broker aur SIPP jaise wrapper utpaadon ke vyavahaar par salaah dete hain. Yadi aap Spain ke bahar koi portfolio rakhte hain aur ghoshna ke apne daayitva ko lekar sandeh mein hain, to hum aapke maamle ki vyaktigat aadhaar par sameeksha kar sakte hain.
Yeh bhi aapke liye useful ho sakta hai
Tax obligations when moving to Spain: property kharidne se pehle kya jaanna zaruri hai.
Spain mein Aaykar Ghoshana: jo har pravasi ko jaanna chahiye.
ÁLVARO MORALES SOUSA
SAAJHEDAAR – VAKIL
KASTAM PRATINIDHI
TempleCAMBRIA yeh suchit karta hai ki hamare blogs, website ya social media ke madhyam se pradan ki gayi jaankari keval soochnaatmak uddeshyon ke liye hai aur isliye yeh faisla lene ya vishesh maamlon mein kisi sthiti ko apnane ke liye paryaapt nahin hai.
Upyogkartao ko dhyaan rakhna chahiye ki kanoon aur nyaayik vyakhyaen samay ke saath badal sakti hain, isliye in madhyamon ke zariye prakashit samagri poori tarah se updated na bhi ho sakti hai. Isliye hum vyaktigat kanooni salaah lene ki salaah dete hain.
TempleCAMBRIA ek law firm hai jo antarrashtriya graahakon ko kanooni sevaen pradan karne par kendrit hai. Hamara uddeshya aapko is tarah sahayata pradan karna hai ki hamare kshetra mein rehne ya vyavasaay vikasit karne ka aapka nirnay safal ho, aur aapka anubhav poori tarah santoshjanak aur yaadgaar bane.